SOCIAL COMPETENCIES FOR ADULT EDUCATORS
REFLECTION​
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Where will you start?
INTRODUCTION
To consider the social competencies for adult educators is a highly relevant topic. Under its umbrella comes the idea of professional identity; its forming and significance. Professional identity is the ever-forming make up and sense-making of meaningful experiences educators have in their practice (Vloet, 2009). Another aspect are the competencies of adult educators. These vary slightly in the literature, however can broadly be seen as “(1) communicating subject knowledge; (2) taking students’ prior learning into account; (3) supporting a learning environment; and (4) the adult educator’s reflection on his or her own performance” (Wahlgren, 2016). Implied by these two concepts, professional identity and competencies, is that experiences and reflection upon them are key in the forming of adult educators’ social competencies.
In this reflection, I will therefore focus on a micro-teaching experience, my teaching philosophy and my learning as a student in the International Masters of Adult Education for Social Change (IMAESC). First, my micro-teaching session ‘My competencies as an adult educator’ will be analysed through the video recorded and the compilation of feedback from my peers. My previous essay on my ‘Teaching Philosophy’ will then be brought in. I will through discussion show that the gap between my ‘Teaching Philosophy’ and practice is bigger than anticipated. The learning journey as part of the IMAESC programme will then be discussed through comparing my personal discourse before the programme with the current situation. To conclude, I will attempt to present some ideas for myself on how I could move forward using these insights and tell my own persona story of my future timeline.
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MICRO-TEACHING
Micro-teaching is a technique whereby in a small group, educators to be deliver a short session (15 minutes) to the rest of the group. 30 minutes are then spent on giving and receiving feedback, which is solely positive. The technique has been used since the 1960s in a wide range of fields, and it has been seen to have considerable impact on the behaviour of teachers in learning environments (Kilic, 2010). Micro-teaching supports in learning how to create a session plan as well as become more confident in the practical skills and competencies required by teachers (ibid, 2010). The purpose of this micro-teaching, was for us as IMAESC students, to practice our teaching skills and get to give feedback to each other, as part of the course ‘Social Competencies of Adult Educators’.

Video
Using the video to analyse was both useful and difficult. The difficult part arose from that when watching it, I noticed a lot of judgement of myself. It was clear through reading my notes whilst watching the vide, that a lot of it was connected to seeing problems, things that could be improved and aspects I had left out. Bearing this in mind, I wonder how much of my own judgement of myself got in the way of actually looking neutrally at it. Nevertheless, there were some insights from the video.
Watching myself, I was surprised at the level of ‘teachyness’. I saw a person who was in charge of the process and guided the group quite strictly through the steps. Perhaps a combination of the fact that I don’t view myself as such, and the fact that I have never conceptualised myself as a teacher made that come across as surprising.
It was very useful to see how I paid attention to the learners in the room. I noticed through watching the video that it wasn’t entirely equal, and that I perhaps relied on those who were clear on the purpose of the task more. I believe this comes from being concerned with the “success” of the session, more than ensuring everyone is participating. This is not what I believe, but in the context of delivering the session, this is what becomes relevant. It takes effort to zoom out of that and dare to focus on what is real and alive in the room and gamble on achieving the outcomes in the way that you had planned.
The video in other words helped me see some things I had not seen before though, and added to those mentioned above, was the fact that I seemed relatively calm and positive. I know that I was feeling stressed at times during the session, but that did not show too much. These aspects would have been hard to see without using the video.
From the perspective of noticing judgement using the video, the feedback was more useful, because I could see just the words of my peers instead of also myself.

Feedback
Through reading the feedback I can see that it seems many of the learners appreciated the colourfulness and playfulness of the activity. This is interesting, as I think it reminds me of that it is actually more fun when the “surface” has been well-designed or thought out. As I was designing this session, I had an enriching conversation with a friend, who supported me going from my initial idea, to the idea of the spider web. She has studied to be a designer, and she said, ‘It is just more fun when things look good’. Now, this may sound superficial, but I believe that if I had used the idea from stage one in my brainstorming of this activity, I would have gotten very different feedback, as it was simply not as visually pleasing of an end result, although raising the same topic and achieving the same aim. The participants would not have found it as creative, playful, colourful and energetic as they did. I would like to hold on to this, and keep incorporating it into my sessions.
The next thing I noticed, is the appreciation in bringing a tool that could be used by the learners in other contexts. There were several comments around this, and it was something that made me happy, as I had aimed for this to be a practical tool for those participating. I take this feedback as evidence for that the learners found it relevant to their lives. It also seemed that it challenged some of the learners, through making them connect the competencies with their confidence levels.
Structuring the session in a somewhat staggered way, also seemed to be useful for the learners. I consciously introduced each tool after the previous, in order to keep the learners with me where I was at that moment, and not have them think about something else. One piece of feedback highlighted that this added a level of suspension, which I appreciated hearing. Hopefully that meant that the interest level was kept quite high.
Turning to my conduct, a few learners highlighted that I was warm and positive. I would not have used those words to describe my style previously, but watching the video, I can in fact see that I make efforts to be positive in the process. The feedback combined with the video made me see some new sides of myself.
MY TEACHING PHILOSOPHY
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When I wrote teaching philosophy, I expressed believing in three principles;
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Prefigurative Politics
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Norm Criticism
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People as Active Subjects
To briefly outline the three, I have included a section from my previous essay.
Prefigurative Politics
McCowan (2010) boils prefigurative politics down to three characteristics, something which I hold to be important in my teaching:
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“(1) An instantiation of the new society.
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(2) A learning process for those involved
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(3) An exemplar of alternative forms of organization” (p. 25).
My aim is however for my teaching to be highly informed by prefigurative politics. I want to embody the change that I want to achieve.
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Norm Criticism
Norm criticism, or anti-oppressive education, is important for me in order to create education that creates a rebalancing of power. Society is not a homogenous group of individuals and we exist within power structures, very much guided by norms. Norms are rules of for example behaviours in society, and in some contexts they can be helpful; which side of the escalator do you stand on, how do we queue, how do we greet each other. However, they also decide who fits the norm and who does not. In the last example for instance, in Western societies there is a dominating norm to shake hands, however this does not include those who for religious reasons as an example, do not greet in the same way. The dominant norm decides what it is to be ‘normal’ (Dahlborg-Lyckhage & Tengelin, 2016), and those who break norms or do not fit, often experience this in a very concrete emotional, physical or other form of exclusionary way (Boesten, 2014).
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People as Active Subjects
I would argue based on this, that in order to create a society that is more socially just through education, we need to amongst many other measures provide processes where individuals can become aware of their actions and realise their effect in the world. I believe in contributing to creating active and engaged citizens who participate in democracy, to encourage a self-reflection especially amongst privileged groups to shift their relationship to power (Tengelin & Dahlborg-Lyckhage, 2016).
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Watching my micro-teaching session and the feedback, I can see that I perhaps do not incorporate this as much as I thought I do, or as much as I aspire to. Which leads me to the question of why? Why is it difficult to do this?
MY LEARNING
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Theory and Practice
The lack of connection between my practice and philosophy became visible through reflecting on these parts. Beck & Kosnik (2014) argue that there are four processes of teacher learning; informal learning, formal learning, teacher inquiry and school-based profesional learning. They outline seven principles of professional learning:
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“Teachers are already providing a strong education for students
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Teachers are key experts on teaching
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Much teacher learning takes place informally in the classroom
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Teachers should be major players in the design and selection of PD
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The school as a whole is also an important setting for professional learning
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Beyond the school, PD at the system (government, school district) level can be very valuable
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At every level, there needs to be balance between input from teachers and input from other sources” (p.18)
Through looking at these principles, I am realising that what could be missing for me is simply time in a learning environment as an educator. The past year and a half has been highly focused on theory, with few practical opportunities available. Prior to starting this MA, I was not engaged in teaching as a profession either, and the opportunities were sparse and far apart. Therefore, I think the connection between practice and philosophy might not be as outspoken, because I have not had the opportunity to actually connect the two. For me, the problem is not that which is outlined by others in the field (Beck & Kosnik, 2014; Lieberman, 2008) the irrelevance of professional development or failing quality of it, but rather the lack of actual teaching opportunities. Seeing this clearer makes me motivated to seek out more practice. I can often be frustrated after teaching opportunities because I didn’t achieve all that I wanted, however the way out of this catch 22 is in fact not to disengage, but rather add more experiences.
On the other hand, I also learnt that I do things that were perhaps not visible to me prior to re-watching the micro-teaching and reading the feedback. In the journey towards creating a more authentic image of myself as an educator, I will practice to myself identify with some of the characteristics that were pointed out to me in the feedback and that I saw in the video. I think that the incorporation, or to an extent perhaps acceptance, of these, will make me feel closer to who I am as an educator. I might feel less disconnected and “undone” as a result.
Moving forward, I would like to create some strategies for how to keep my relationship between my practice and philosophy more alive. Here is my first attempt:
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Have my teaching philosophy printed out and visible when I plan sessions.
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Create a “bank” of exercises that fit into my philosophy, for example. norm critical ice-breakers.
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Reflect on my facilitation or teaching bearing my philosophy in mind, after each session.
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Regularly take stock on whether my philosophy is still relevant.
5. Be transparent with my teaching philosophy to learners when possible and relevant.
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My Learning in IMAESC
However my learning began almost six months prior to writing my teaching philosophy. How has my learning looked overall, throughout IMAESC? As there are no reflection journals to access from this time, I have chosen to draw upon three things. Firstly, my reflection document before the beginning of the leadership programme Young Leaders Visitors Programme (YLVP), which I was part of in 2015. Secondly, my cover letter to IMAESC, and thirdly a blog post I wrote to reflect upon a programme I facilitated in June 2016. These are all documents where I outline my view on learning, facilitating and issues connected to adult education.
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Firstly, I will consider the importance of listening. In my pre-reflection to YLVP I state that "I want to maintain an attitude of seeing everyone as my teacher". This has been reflected by myself in other places, for example this blog post written about a programme I facilitated the summer before IMAESC started. In my cover letter I mention nothing about this however. In other words, I state listening is important in 2015, don't mention it in my cover letter to IMAESC, but state it again in my reflections on the programme I facilitated. In my teaching philosophy, I again fail to mention it. What does this say about my learning? I believe that this shows I am very much in the learning, and various concepts are seen as relevant to myself at various points. It does show that the concept of listening to others, even when facilitating, was a known to me prior to the programme. This might be a reason to why the concept is not as present in my documentation during IMAESC, as I may have been focussing on aspects that were new to me instead.
Secondly, I turn to norm-criticism. In my cover letter as well as teaching philosophy I mention this. In my cover letter, I state "...societal norms and behaviours are the primary reason for injustice" and the teaching philosophy was outlined above. What is noticeable here is that I have very much held on to this, despite it not being mentioned within IMAESC at all. My analysis is that I have in this aspect formed an identity not just as a response to the knowledge I have been subjected to, but also that which I have not been subjected to.
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Thirdly, I know that my conceptualisation of adult education has become much more detailed and that in particular Freire and the Pedagogy of the Oppressed has gained a key role. Many of my assignments throughout the programme discuss popular education and the ideas of Paulo Freire. This is something which was never mentioned by me before, and has clearly had an impact on my thinking around adult education.
In sum, it is challenging to assess the learning throughout the IMAESC programme, however from the materials available and through self-reflection, it is clear that the learning has introduced both new concepts and built on previously known ones.
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AND NOW?
As we in class discussed our future time lines, I wanted to add this here. Thinking about my future in stages of one, three and five years from now, I have formulated some thoughts. To make the future come into the present, I have chosen to tell this from the present tense. Following this story of my timeline, is a poem on the topic, to conclude my reflection.
Bird taking off (one year from now)
I have been finished with my MA for three months. I am entering a stage in my life as an adult educator where I am moving from idea to action. I am taking concrete steps that could lead towards my vision, which is to be an adult educator advisor for NGOs and activist organisations. I am focussing highly on practice and being able to do more and get concrete experience, whether that is being part of an organisation or working indenpendently. I want to be connecting with people who have the same ideas as me, in the sense that they believe in education of adults in order to create social change in a positive way.
Bird flying (three years from now)
I am niched. I am closer to my aim of being able to be a confident, trusted and professional advisor to projects. I feel able to share learnings with others, and move from being a doer and practitioner, to being an enabler for others. I am becoming more and more confident in what I know and what I can bring, knowing it will be of value for others to listen and learn with and from me.
Bird landed
I have arrived at the place where I feel comfortable and at home. I however anticipate that the definition will change, and my aims too. I will never feel fully landed, and this is what is behind my vision. To be comfortable with the fact that wherever I am, whatever my aim and definition of home is, I will feel at ease.

Now
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I am in my egg – the walls are full of writing. It has come from me, it has come from you. It has come from them, who I love, who I hate, who I notice. There is a crack at the top – outside the world and the after. After now. After this.
Then one.
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Crack crack crack. Light and dust and sound. It is not strange it is not new, but I have not been here before. Will I step out and “enjoy”, “collaborate”, “create”? Will I step out and “enjoy”, “collaborate”, “create”. I might step out and enjoy, collaborate, “create. I know I need to be kicked out in order to fly.
Then three.
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I have been flying for a time now. Not soaring, but moving. Seeing, finding, hiding, giving. The I can barely remember the colour of my egg’s shell.
Then five.
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Landed! Am on a branch. It feels like home. I will write a postcard to my egg, to my shell. HOWEVER. In my feathers, I know seasons change, storms come and go, branches grow and shift. My branch does, the definition of home does. What is behind my closed beady eyes? I will never land. I am a flying bird and that wherever my wings have air under and around them, is home. Filled with sun, snow or wind, no matter how different the air and branches look, it is all good.
CONCLUSION
Reflecting on my teaching experience, learning and my timeline moving forward supported in formulating an overall narrative of my own journey, and a direction for the future. The micro-teaching process, delivering the session, receiving feedback and reflecting on the process, supported me in reaching several insights. I had new insights about myself as an educator. These consisted of realising I am more of an educator than I thus far had conceptualised, and seeing qualities in myself I would not have identified with until now, such as positive and calm. Through comparing my delivery and feedback of the session to my stated teaching philosophy, I also realised that there is somewhat of a gap between the two. Using these insights I have formulated a list of strategies for moving forward and continuing to develop in my own practice. In conclusion, the process of micro-teaching gave me new and knowledge and perspective.
REFERENCES
Beck, O., & Kosnik, C. (2014). Growing as a Teacher: Goals and Pathways of Ongoing Teacher Learning. Rotterdam: SensePublishers.
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Boesten, J. (2014). Inequality, normative violence, and liveable life: Judith Butler and Peruvian reality. i Peru in Theory.
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Dahlborg-Lyckhage, E., & Tengelin, E. (2016). Discourses with potential to disrupt traditional nursing education: Nursing teachers’ talk about norm-critical competence. Nursing Inquiry.
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Kilic, A. (2010). Learner-Centrered Micro Teaching in Teacher Education. International Journal of Instruction, 3(1).
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Lieberman, A. (2008). Teacher Learning: The Key to Educational Reform. Journal of Teacher Education, 59(3), ss. 226-234.
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McCowan, T. (2010). School democratization in prefigurative form: Two Brazilian experiences. Education, Citizenship and Social Justice, 5(1), ss. 21-41.
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Wahlgren, B. (2016). International Review of Education, 62(343).
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Vloet, K. (2009). Career learning and teachers’ professional identity: narratives in dialogue.